Methods and arrangements in a wireless communication system using multi-codeword transmission and ACK/NACK compression

ABSTRACT

The present invention relates to methods and arrangements in a wireless communication system that enable the use of multi-codeword transmission and ACK/NACK compression with low performance loss. It also enables the use of advanced receivers of reasonable complexity. This is achieved by a solution based on the even distribution of the symbols of separately coded blocks of information bits over the available physical resources before transmission. Each physical resource will thus carry a mixture of symbols from all blocks of information bits, which results in a more similar channel quality for the blocks of information bits. A compressed ACK/NACK message corresponding to the blocks of information bits will thus be more accurate and the performance loss due to the ACK/NACK compression can be reduced.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This application is a 35 U.S.C. §371 national stage application of PCTInternational Application No. PCT/SE2009/050381, filed on 14 Apr. 2009,which itself claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No.61/078,012, filed 3 Jul. 2008, the disclosure and content of both ofwhich are incorporated by reference herein in their entirety. Theabove-referenced PCT International Application was published in theEnglish language as International Publication No. WO 2010/002319 A3 on 7Jan. 2010.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to multi-codeword transmission in awireless communication system. More particularly, the present inventionrelates to methods and to transmitting and receiving devices, adapted totransmit and receive multiple blocks of information bits with HARQ overa radio channel comprising at least two physical resources.

BACKGROUND

The Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS) is one of the thirdgeneration mobile communication technologies designed to succeed GSM.3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) is a project within the 3^(rd) GenerationPartnership Project (3GPP) to improve the UMTS standard to cope withfuture requirements in terms of improved services such as higher datarates, improved efficiency, lowered costs etc. UMTS Terrestrial RadioAccess Network (UTRAN) is the radio access network of a UMTS system andevolved UTRAN (E-UTRAN) is the radio access network of an LTE system. Asillustrated in FIG. 1, an E-UTRAN typically comprises user equipment(UE) 150 wirelessly connected to a radio base station (RBS) 100,commonly referred to as an eNodeB.

Modern wireless communication systems targeted for packet basedcommunication often include hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ)functionality on the physical layer to achieve robustness against theimpairments of the radio channel. LTE and UMTS are two examples ofsystems in which such functionality is available. The basic idea behindHARQ is to combine forward error correction (FEC) with automatic repeatrequest (ARQ). In FEC coding, redundancy is introduced in thetransmitted block of information bits. Parity bits are added to theinformation bits prior to the transmission, and the parity bits arecomputed from the information bits using a method given by the codingstructure used. On the receiving side, errors introduced duringtransmission of the information bits may be corrected when decoding. Inan ARQ scheme, the receiver uses an error-detecting code to detect ifthe received block of information bits is in error or not. If no erroris detected, a positive acknowledgement (ACK) is sent to thetransmitter, and if an error is detected, a negative acknowledgement(NACK) is sent. After a NACK, the transmitter will retransmit the sameinformation again. In HARQ—being a combination of FEC and ARQ—the blockof information bits (also known as a transport block (TPB)) is encodedand an error-detection code, such as cyclic redundancy check (CRC), isadded to the block. After reception of the coded block, it is decodedand the error-detection code is used to check whether the decoding wassuccessful or not. If the block of information was received withouterrors, an ACK is sent to the transmitter indicating that thetransmission was successful and that the receiver is ready for a newblock. On the other hand, if the block of information bits was notdecoded correctly, a NACK is sent to the transmitter meaning that thereceiver expects a retransmission of the same block. A furtherimprovement is to combine the retransmissions with soft-combiningfunctionality, where the receiver does not discard erroneously receivedblocks of information bits but buffers their soft-bit values andcombines these values with the soft-bit values of the retransmittedblocks. This is often referred to as HARQ with soft combining.

The coded bits originating from a same block of information bits arereferred to as a codeword. This is the terminology used in LTE todescribe the output from a single HARQ process (comprising turboencoding, rate matching, interleaving etc.) serving a particular TPB.The same TPB generates different codewords for each HARQ retransmission.

Multi-antenna techniques can significantly increase the data rates andreliability of a wireless communication system. The performance is inparticular improved if both the transmitter and the receiver areequipped with multiple antennas. This results in a multiple-inputmultiple-output (MIMO) radio communication channel and such systems andrelated techniques are commonly referred to as MIMO. Several wirelessstandards nowadays support MIMO antenna deployments and MIMO relatedtechniques such as spatial multiplexing, beam-forming and diversity.

In the general case, a multi-antenna configuration will consist of N_(T)transmit antennas and N_(R) receive antennas. Under certain conditions,it is possible to create up to N_(L)=min{N_(T), N_(R)} parallel“channels”, also called layers. Another commonly used term for layer issymbol stream. The signal on each layer will have a lowersignal-to-noise ratio as the signal power is split between the layers.On the other hand, data can now be transmitted in parallel on theinvolved layers. The channel capacity can thus under favorable channelconditions grow essentially linearly with the number of antennas. Thistechnique of exploiting the spatial dimension to simultaneously transmiton several layers is referred to as spatial multiplexing.

As mentioned above, the number of parallel signals that can be spatiallymultiplexed is upper limited by N_(L)=min{N_(T), N_(R)}. However, inmany cases, the number of spatially multiplexed signals will be lessthan N_(L). In case of very bad channel conditions e.g., there is nogain of spatial multiplexing, and the multiple antennas should be usedto improve the signal-to-noise ratio with beam-forming instead of usingthem for spatial multiplexing.

The use of spatial multiplexing aims at high data rates in favourablechannel conditions, and spatial multiplexing is combined with eitherchannel dependent or channel independent pre-coding. The pre-codingserves two purposes. When the number of signals to be spatiallymultiplexed equals the number of transmit antennas (N_(L)=N_(T)), thepre-coding can be used to orthogonalize the parallel transmissions,allowing for improved signal isolation at the receiver side throughreduced inter-layer interference. When the number of signals to bespatially multiplexed is less than the number of transmit antennas(N_(L)<N_(T)), the pre-coding in addition provides the mapping of theN_(L) spatially multiplexed signals to the N_(T) transmit antennas.

An illustration of the structure of a transmitter employing pre-codedspatial multiplexing is provided in FIG. 2. As seen, a sequence ofinformation carrying symbol vectors s_(k) 202 is input to the pre-coder201. k is an index pointing out the resource element corresponding to achannel use. A resource element may for example be a time interval, awindow that spans time and/or frequency, or a spreading code dependingon the radio technology used. The r symbols in s_(k) 202 each belong toa specific layer 206 and r thus equals the number of layers and isreferred to as the transmission rank. Each symbol vector 202 ismultiplied by an N_(T)×r pre-coder matrix W_(k) 203 to produce thecorresponding pre-coded vector x_(k) 204, which is then transmitted overthe radio channel via the N_(T) antenna ports 205. The pre-coded vectorx_(k) 204, transmitted over resource element k can thus be written as

$\begin{matrix}{x_{k} = {\begin{bmatrix}x_{k}^{(1)} \\x_{k}^{(2)} \\\vdots \\x_{k}^{(N_{T})}\end{bmatrix} = {{\begin{bmatrix}W_{k}^{(11)} & W_{k}^{(12)} & \ldots & W_{k}^{({1r})} \\W_{k}^{(21)} & W_{k}^{(22)} & \ldots & W_{k}^{({2r})} \\\vdots & \vdots & \ddots & \vdots \\W_{k}^{({N_{T}1})} & W_{k}^{({N_{T}2})} & \ldots & W_{k}^{({N_{T}r})}\end{bmatrix}\begin{bmatrix}s_{1}^{(1)} \\s_{1}^{(2)} \\\vdots \\s_{1}^{(r)}\end{bmatrix}} = {W_{k}s_{k}}}}} & (1)\end{matrix}$

The pre-coder matrix is often chosen to match the characteristics of theN_(R)×N_(T) MIMO channel H_(k), resulting in so-called channel dependentpre-coding. The receiver estimates the channel and decides on a suitablepre-coding matrix from the code-book containing the set of availablepre-coding matrices, and feeds back the information about the selectedpre-coding matrix to the transmitter. For Frequency Division Duplex(FDD), channel dependent pre-coding is also commonly referred to asclosed-loop pre-coding. The purpose of closed-loop pre-coding is tofocus the transmit energy into a subspace in order to convey a largeportion of the transmitted energy to the UE. In some cases, for examplein the case of very high transmission rates, channel independentpre-coding is used instead as it is not possible to adapt the pre-codermatrix to the channel matrix fast enough.

As the pre-coder matrix in practice never will perfectly match thechannel matrix for channel dependent pre-coding, there will always besome residual interference between the spatially multiplexed signals.This interference can be taken care of by means of non-linear receiverprocessing, such as successive interference cancellation (SIC). SIC isbased on an assumption that the spatially multiplexed signals areseparately coded before the spatial multiplexing (often referred to asmulti-codeword transmission). With SIC, the receiver first demodulatesand decodes one of the spatially multiplexed signals. The correspondingdecoded data is then, if correctly decoded, re-encoded and subtractedfrom the received signals. A second spatially multiplexed signal canthen be demodulated and decoded without any interference from the firstsignal, i.e. with an improved signal-to-noise ratio. The decoded datafrom the second signal is then, if correctly decoded, re-encoded andsubtracted from the received signals before decoding of a third signal.These iterations continue until all spatially multiplexed signals havebeen demodulated and decoded.

In a MIMO system employing spatial multiplexing it may make sense totransmit data from several HARQ processes at once, also known asmulti-codeword transmission. Such use of separate HARQ processes allowsretransmissions to be carried out independently on different layers andcan in principle lead to better resource utilization. If a single HARQprocess is used on the contrary, a single corresponding codeword isinstead distributed over all layers. Hence different number of HARQprocesses or independently coded codewords can be employed, and acompromise between the two extremes of a single codeword transmitted onall layers and separate codewords transmitted on each layer can beachieved. Such a compromise is exploited in the downlink of LTE where anumber of fixed codeword to layer mappings are used. The fixed mappingsin an LTE-system with four transmitting antennas and four receivingantennas are illustrated in FIGS. 3 a-3 d, for the four differenttransmission ranks. In FIG. 3 a, the channel conditions only allow forone single layer 302, and it is only possible to map a first modulatedcodeword 300 onto this layer 302. In the pre-coder 303, the modulatedcodeword may be mapped to the four transmitting antennas 304. In FIG. 3b, the channel conditions allow for two layers 302. In this casemulti-codeword transmission is possible, and a first codeword 300 ismapped onto one of the layers, and a second codeword 301 is mapped ontothe second layer. In FIG. 3 c, there are three layers 302. A firstcodeword 300 is mapped onto one of the layers, and a second codeword 301is mapped onto both of the remaining layers by passing the codewordthrough a serial to parallel conversion device 305. In FIG. 3 d, thereare four layers 302, and a first codeword 300 is mapped onto two of thelayers and a second codeword 301 onto the two remaining layers.

A problem with existing solutions for multi-codeword transmission (i.e.transmitting several separately coded blocks of information bitssimultaneously) is that one ACK/NACK per codeword typically needs to befed back from the receiver to the transmitter. This may substantiallyincrease the signaling overhead since ACK/NACKs often have tough errorrate requirements due to the importance to receive them correctly whichmakes them resource demanding.

To mitigate this problem, the known ACK/NACK compression technique ofso-called ACK/NACK bundling may be used. ACK/NACK bundling means thatone single ACK/NACK covers multiple blocks of information bits. Hence,all coded blocks of information bits or codewords within a bundled setof codewords need to be correctly received in order for an ACK to besent. If one single codeword is erroneously received, a NACK will besent and all blocks of information bits of the bundled set need to beretransmitted. A problem with the ACK/NACK bundling is thus the loss ofperformance due to the fact that blocks of information bits that arealready received correctly are retransmitted. A significant performanceloss in the order of one dB may occur in the case of two bundledcodewords.

An alternative to ACK/NACK bundling is of course to use a singlecodeword transmission scheme. This automatically avoids the signalingoverhead of multiple ACK/NACKs but suffers on the other hand fromdifficulties in finding advanced receiver architectures for non-linearprocessing with reasonable complexity. A SIC type of receiver can onlybe used with multi-codeword transmission, as already mentioned above.

SUMMARY

The object of the present invention is to achieve methods andarrangements that obviate some of the above disadvantages and enable theuse of multi-codeword transmission with ACK/NACK compression, as well asadvanced receivers of reasonable complexity, while keeping theperformance loss due to the ACK/NACK compression low.

This is achieved by a solution based on the distribution of the symbolsof separately coded blocks of information bits over the availablephysical resources before transmission. Each physical resource will thuscarry a mixture of symbols from all blocks of information bits, whichresults in a more similar channel quality for the blocks of informationbits. A compressed ACK/NACK message corresponding to the blocks ofinformation bits will thus be more accurate and the performance loss dueto the ACK/NACK compression is reduced.

In accordance with a second aspect of the present invention, a method ina wireless communication system of receiving and decoding multipleblocks of information bits, simultaneously transmitted from atransmitting device with HARQ over a radio channel comprising at leasttwo physical resources is provided. The method comprises the steps,performed by a receiving device, of receiving symbols corresponding toat least two blocks of information bits on each physical resource, andretrieving a set of symbols corresponding to each of the blocks ofinformation bits from the received symbols, assuming that each block ofinformation bits has been distributed over all of the physicalresources. It further comprises the steps of transforming each set ofsymbols to a codeword, and decoding each codeword to provide an estimateof each block of information bits. Each estimate of block of informationbits is checked for errors and a compressed ACK/NACK message, compiledbased on the result of the error checking in the estimates of block ofinformation bits, is transmitted.

In accordance with a third aspect of the present invention, atransmitting device in a wireless communication system is provided. Thetransmitting device is adapted to transmit multiple blocks ofinformation bits simultaneously to a receiving device with HARQ over aradio channel comprising at least two physical resources. Thetransmitting device comprises means for coding at least two blocks ofinformation bits separately to obtain a codeword per block ofinformation bits, and means for mapping each of the codewords to a setof modulation symbols. It further comprises means for distributing eachset of modulation symbols over all of the physical resources, so thateach physical resource carries a mixture of modulation symbolscorresponding to the at least two blocks of information bits, and meansfor transmitting the modulation symbols carried by each physicalresource simultaneously to the receiving device. The transmitting devicealso comprises means for receiving a compressed ACK/NACK messagecorresponding to the at least two blocks of information bits.

In accordance with a fourth aspect of the present invention, a receivingdevice in a wireless communication system is provided. The receivingdevice is adapted to receive and decode multiple blocks of informationbits, simultaneously transmitted from a transmitting device with HARQover a radio channel comprising at least two physical resources. Thereceiving device comprises means for receiving symbols corresponding toat least two blocks of information bits on each physical resource, andmeans for retrieving a set of symbols corresponding to each of theblocks of information bits from the received symbols, assuming that eachblock of information bits has been distributed over all of said physicalresources. The receiving device further comprises means for transformingeach set of symbols to a codeword, and means for decoding each codewordto provide an estimate of each block of information bits. It alsocomprises means for checking for errors in each estimate of block ofinformation bits, and means for transmitting a compressed ACK/NACKmessage, compiled based on the result of the error checking in eachestimate of block of information bits.

An advantage of embodiments of the present invention is that the typicalloss of performance for ACK/NACK compression can be substantiallyreduced by mixing multiple codewords onto the physical resources in auniform manner.

A further advantage of embodiments of the present invention is that theyallow for the use of advanced receivers with reasonable complexity, suchas SIC receivers.

Another advantage of embodiments of the present invention is that thelatency in some cases also may decrease in comparison to the latency ofa single codeword transmission, since the receiver knows which blocks ofinformation bits that were correctly decoded and can pass them alongeven though they are retransmitted.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 illustrates schematically a part of a conventional wirelesscommunication system wherein the present invention may be implemented.

FIG. 2 illustrates schematically the structure of a conventionaltransmitter employing pre-coded spatial multiplexing.

FIGS. 3 a-d illustrate schematically the conventional codeword to layermapping in the downlink of E-UTRAN with four transmitting antennas forthe cases of one, two, three and four layers respectively.

FIG. 4 illustrates schematically the codeword mixing in a transmittingdevice employing pre-coded spatial multiplexing in SC-OFDMA according toone embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 5 illustrates schematically a receiving device, receiving thesignals transmitted by the transmitting device of FIG. 4, and theACK/NACK compression according to one embodiment of the presentinvention.

FIGS. 6 a and 6 b are flowcharts of the methods according to embodimentsof the present invention.

FIG. 7 illustrates schematically the transmitting and receiving devicesaccording to embodiments of the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

In the following, the invention will be described in more detail withreference to certain embodiments and to accompanying drawings. Forpurposes of explanation and not limitation, specific details are setforth, such as particular scenarios, techniques, etc., in order toprovide a thorough understanding of the present invention. However, itwill be apparent to one skilled in the art that the present inventionmay be practised in other embodiments that depart from these specificdetails.

Moreover, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the functionsand means explained herein below may be implemented using softwarefunctioning in conjunction with a programmed microprocessor or generalpurpose computer, and/or using an application specific integratedcircuit (ASIC). It will also be appreciated that while the currentinvention is primarily described in the form of methods and devices, theinvention may also be embodied in a computer program product as well asin a system comprising a computer processor and a memory coupled to theprocessor, wherein the memory is encoded with one or more programs thatmay perform the functions disclosed herein.

The present invention is described herein by way of reference toparticular example scenarios. In particular the invention is describedin a non-limiting general context in relation to a 3GPP LTE system. Itshould though be noted that the invention and its exemplary embodimentsmay also be applied to other types of radio access technologies such asUMTS, WiMax, Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB) and GSM.

In the present invention, the problem of the ACK/NACK compressionperformance loss is addressed by a solution based on the distribution ofsymbols from separately coded blocks of information bits over theavailable physical resources before transmission. Each physical resourcewill thus carry a mixture of symbols from all blocks of informationbits, which results in that the blocks of information bits will see amore similar channel quality than if each block was transmitted on aseparate physical resource. A compressed ACK/NACK message correspondingto the blocks of information bits will thus be more relevant and theperformance loss due to the ACK/NACK compression is therefore reduced.

An alternative to using ACK/NACK compression is to use single codewordtransmission, but as explained previously single codeword transmissionmakes it impossible to use advanced receivers of reasonable complexity,such as the SIC receiver. The present invention thus makes it possibleto use multi-codeword transmission with reduced signaling overheadthrough ACK/NACK compressions without excessive performance loss. Theuse of multi-codeword transmission also allows for the use of a SICreceiver.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the distribution of thesymbols from each of the blocks of information bits should be done asevenly as possible, as the purpose is to get a similar channel qualityfor the different blocks.

In a first embodiment of the present invention, the wirelesscommunication system uses pre-coded spatial multiplexing, and thephysical resources thus correspond to the layers. In this embodiment,two or more blocks of information bits are coded separately. Thesecodewords are then modulated, and the modulation symbols of each codedblock of information bits are distributed over the different layers sothat each layer carries a mixture of symbols from all of the codedblocks of information bits. This will in turn result in an improvedcompressed ACK/NACK message, as the blocks of information bits will seea similar channel quality. With a similar channel quality it is moreprobable that either all blocks are received correctly or all blocks arereceived incorrectly, making a compressed ACK/NACK more appropriate.

In a second embodiment, the wireless communication system usesmulti-carrier, and the physical resources then correspond to carriers.In this second embodiment, the symbols of each codeword is distributedacross the different carriers instead of layers. A combination of adistribution over layers and carriers is also possible. Separatedecoding will then keep the decoding complexity at a reasonablecomplexity.

In order to describe the present invention in more details, an exemplaryembodiment of the present invention is described. In this embodiment thewireless communication system considered is an LTE system with spatialmultiplexing, according to the first embodiment above. OrthogonalFrequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) has been adopted as thetransmission scheme for the downlink radio interface in 3GPP LTE. OFDMis a frequency-division multiplexing scheme utilized as a digitalmulti-carrier modulation method. A large number of closely-spacedorthogonal sub-carriers are used to carry data. The data is divided intoseveral parallel data streams or channels, one for each sub-carrier.Each sub-carrier is modulated with a conventional modulation scheme at alow symbol rate, maintaining total data rates similar to conventionalsingle-carrier modulation schemes in the same bandwidth. To be a bitmore specific, a variant of OFDM, namely Orthogonal Frequency DivisionMultiple Access (OFDMA), is used for 3GPP LTE downlink transmission andallows different users to be multiplexed on different sets ofsub-carriers. The uplink in 3GPP LTE is based on Singe Carrier FrequencyDivision Multiplexing (SC-FDMA), which also can be regarded as DFT(Discrete Fourier Transform) spread OFDM (DFTS-OFDM). In DFTS-OFDM, timedomain information carrying signals are passed through a discreteFourier transform (DFT) and are then mapped onto consecutive subcarriersat the input of an inverse DFT (IDFT). A cyclic prefix is added to theoutput of the IDFT and the signals are then transformed intotime-continuous signals and transmitted over the radio channel.

In this exemplary embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 4 and 5, uplinktransmission is considered. However, the present invention is alsoapplicable for downlink transmission. Although the current 3GPP standarddoes not support spatial multiplexing on the uplink in LTE, a possibledesign for the transmitting device in the UE is illustrated in FIG. 4.We see that x blocks of information bits 400 can be simultaneouslytransmitted. Each block 400 is passed through a HARQ functionalitydevice 401 which may include CRC attachment, code block segmentation,channel coding (e.g. turbo coding), rate matching, retransmissionfunctionality etc. The output of this device 401 consists of coded bitsrelated to the corresponding block of information bits, i.e. a codeword.The codeword is mapped onto a set of modulation symbols 402 and thesesymbols are passed through a codeword to layer cycler 403 which makessure that the symbols of each codeword is distributed closed to evenlyover the layers. One way of achieving that is to let the symbol s onlayer r′ at time index k be

$\begin{matrix}{s_{k}^{(r^{\prime})} = {c^{({{mod}{({k,r})}})}( {{\lfloor \frac{k}{r} \rfloor r} + r^{\prime}} )}} & (2)\end{matrix}$

Where c^((m))(n) is the n:th symbol in the m:th codeword. Thiscorresponds to passing the codeword symbols through a serial to parallelconversion (S/P) device and then connecting one output from each S/Pdevice to each layer 404. Each layer 404 thus gets codeword symbols fromeach codeword and hence contains an, at least close to, uniform mixtureof all the codewords. The symbols on each layer 404 are pre-coded 405 ineither a channel dependent or channel independent manner. The pre-codedsignals are converted to a frequency domain signal by the DFT 406,placed at certain subcarriers and then converted back to the time domainby means of IDFT 407, before being transmitted via the transmittingantennas 408. Eventually, the UE will receive a compressed ACK/NACKmessage fed back from the receiving device (illustrated in FIG. 5)corresponding to the x blocks of information bits. This compressedACK/NACK message, determines if the blocks should be retransmitted ornot.

The receiving device—in this embodiment placed in an RBS—is illustratedin FIG. 5. Signals are received over multiple receiving antennas 501. Asthe receiving device can assume what operations the transmitting devicehas done before transmitting, it performs the inverse operations of thetransmitting device in the receiver and decoder 502. In particular, theoperations of the codeword to layer mixer are inversed to obtaincodewords corresponding to each simultaneously transmitted block ofinformation bits. The codewords are then decoded. The decoding gives anestimate of the blocks of information bits, comprising anerror-detecting code, e.g. a CRC. The CRC of each block estimate arechecked 503 in order to detect errors. In one embodiment of the presentinvention, a SIC receiver is used. In such a receiver, the CRC of thefirst decoded block of information bits is checked, and if the check ispositive the contribution of the correctly decoded block is removed fromthe received signals. This is iterated (as described above) and based onthe results of all the x CRC checks, a compressed ACK/NACK feedbackmessage 505 is compiled and can be returned to the UE.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the ACK/NACK compression canbe the simple ACK/NACK bundling previously described. However, theACK/NACK compression can also take other forms, such as feeding back thehighest index of the block of information bits for which all blocks witha lower index has a CRC that resulted in a positive error check.

In the exemplary embodiment of uplink transmission in an LTE system withspatial multiplexing described above, the approximately evendistribution of the codeword symbols over the different layers is doneaccording to the mathematical expression in (2). This distribution mayhowever be accomplished in a number of ways, and three alternativeembodiments cover distribution through large delay CDD (Cyclic DelayDiversity), layer cycling or HARQ to codeword cycling. In the layercycling, the symbols of a codeword are cyclically shifted to a differentlayer from time to time, in order to evenly distribute the symbols ofeach codeword onto the different layers. The large delay CDD involvesnot only a shifting of symbols, but also a transformation of thesymbols. HARQ to codeword cycling is similar to layer cycling but cyclesthe mapping of the HARQ to a codeword so that a single codeword willcontain roughly equal proportion of information from all blocks ofinformation bits. This is essentially a redefinition of the termcodeword but it accomplishes the overall goal of evenly distributingeach block of information bits onto all the layers. Other forms ofinterleaving are also possible. In the multi-carrier system embodimentdescribed above, the distribution of the codeword symbols is achievedthrough e.g. carrier cycling.

As mentioned above with reference to FIG. 4, the HARQ functionalitydevice 401 includes among other things the channel coding, e.g. theturbo coding. The turbo coder will not code the entire block ofinformation bits at the same time, but will instead code a part of theblock at a time, resulting in a codeblock. The final codeword will thuscomprise a number of codeblocks. When distributing the symbols of acodeword onto the different layers, it is important to ensure that eachcodeblock of a codeword is distributed over the layers. Furthermore,CRCs can be attached to each codeblock within a codeword so that thelatency of the SIC decoding can be decreased by performing SICseparately on a group of codeblocks at a time.

A fixed codeword to layer mapping such as the one illustrated in FIG. 3a-d may also be employed in conjunction with the codeword to layercycling of the present invention. In the codeword to layer mapping infor example FIG. 3 d, the codeword to layer cycling would only be neededamong the layers belonging to different codewords. In FIG. 3 d a firstcodeword 300 is mapped onto layer one and two, and a second codeword 301is mapped onto layer 3 and 4. It is then important to distribute thesymbols of the first codeword onto layer 3 and 4, and vice versa for thesecond codeword. On the other hand, it is not so important to shiftbetween layer 1 and 2 for the first codeword (or between layer 3 and 4for the second).

FIG. 6 a is a flowchart for the method of the transmitting device,according to one embodiment of the present invention. It comprises thefollowing steps:

-   -   600: Code at least two blocks of information bits separately, in        order to obtain a codeword per block of information bits.    -   601: Each codeword is then mapped to a corresponding set of        modulation symbols.    -   602: Each set of modulation symbols is distributed over all of        the physical resources, so that each physical resource carries a        mixture of modulation symbols from all of the blocks of        information bits. The distribution can be done in different        ways, as long as there is an approximately even distribution of        the symbols associated with each block of information bits over        all physical resources. The physical resources may be either        layers (the spatial multiplexing case) or carriers (the        multi-carrier case).    -   603: The modulation symbols carried by each physical resource        are transmitted simultaneously to the receiving device.    -   604: Eventually, a compressed ACK/NACK message, such as a        bundled ACK/NACK message corresponding to the blocks of        information bits, is returned from the receiving device. This        message decides if the blocks are to be retransmitted (NACK) or        not (ACK).

Furthermore, FIG. 6 b is a flowchart for the method of the receivingdevice, according to one embodiment of the present invention. Itcomprises the following steps:

-   -   610: Symbols corresponding to at least two blocks of information        bits are received on each physical resource.    -   611: A set of symbols corresponding to each block of information        bits are retrieved from the received symbols. This is done based        on an assumption that the symbols corresponding to each block of        information bits have been distributed in an approximately even        manner over all of the physical resources by the transmitting        device, as described above with reference to FIG. 6 a.    -   612: Each set of symbols are transformed to a codeword.    -   613: Each codeword is decoded to provide an estimate of each        block of information bits.    -   614: A check for errors is done in each estimate, using an        error-detection code such as CRC.    -   615: A compressed ACK/NACK message, compiled based on the result        of the error checking for each of the estimates, is fed back to        the transmitting device. The compressed ACK/NACK message could        e.g. be a bundled ACK/NACK message.

Schematically illustrated in FIG. 7 and according to one embodiment ofthe present invention, is the transmitting device 700 placed in a UE150. It comprises coding means 701 for coding at least two blocks ofinformation bits separately to obtain a codeword per block ofinformation bits, and means for mapping 702 each of the codewords to aset of modulation symbols. It further comprises distributing means 703for distributing each set of modulation symbols over all of the physicalresources, so that each physical resource carries an approximately evenmixture of modulation symbols corresponding to the blocks of informationbits. It also comprises means for transmitting 704 the modulationsymbols carried by each physical resource simultaneously to thereceiving device, and means for receiving 705 a compressed ACK/NACKmessage corresponding to the blocks of information bits from thereceiving device 750 in the RBS 100.

Also illustrated in FIG. 7 and according to one embodiment of thepresent invention, is the receiving device 750 placed in an RBS 100. Itcomprises receiving means 751 for receiving symbols corresponding to atleast two blocks of information bits on each physical resource, andmeans for retrieving 752 a set of symbols corresponding to each of theblocks of information bits from the received symbols based on anassumption that the symbols corresponding to each block of informationbits have been distributed over all of the physical resources by thetransmitting device. It further comprises means for transforming 753each set of symbols to a codeword, and means for decoding 754 eachcodeword to provide an estimate of each block of information bits. Italso comprises means for checking for errors 755 in each estimate ofblock of information bits, and means for transmitting 756 a compressedACK/NACK message, compiled based on the result of the error checking ineach estimate of block of information bits, to the transmitting device700.

It should be noted that it is an uplink scenario that is illustrated inFIG. 7. However, the present invention is applicable to both uplink anddownlink, which implies that an RBS and a UE may comprise both thetransmitting device and the receiving device, if both the uplink and thedownlink uses the present invention.

The means illustrated in FIG. 7 may be implemented by physical orlogical entities using software functioning in conjunction with aprogrammed microprocessor or general purpose computer, and/or using anapplication specific integrated circuit (ASIC).

The above mentioned and described embodiments are only given as examplesand should not be limiting to the present invention. Other solutions,uses, objectives, and functions within the scope of the invention asclaimed in the accompanying patent claims should be apparent for theperson skilled in the art.

ABBREVIATIONS 3GPP 3^(rd) Generation Partnership Project ACKAcknowledgement ASIC Application Specific Integrated Circuit CDD CyclicDelay Diversity CRC Cyclic Redundancy Check DFT Discrete FourierTransform DFTS-OFDM DFT Spread OFDM E-UTRAN Evolved UTRAN FDD FrequencyDivision Duplex FEC Forward Error Correction HARQ Hybrid AutomaticRepeat request IDFT Inverse DFT LTE Long Term Evolution MIMOMultiple-Input Multiple-Output NACK Negative Acknowledgement OFDMOrthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing OFDMA Orthogonal FrequencyDivision Multiple Access RBS Radio Base Station SC-FDMA Singe CarrierFrequency Division Multiple Access SIC Successive InterferenceCancellation TPB Transport Block UE User Equipment UMB Ultra MobileBroadband UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunication System UTRAN UMTSTerrestrial Radio Access Network

The invention claimed is:
 1. A method that is performed by atransmitting device in a wireless communication system for transmittingmultiple blocks of information bits simultaneously to a receiving devicewith hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) over a radio channelcomprising at least two physical resources, said method comprising:coding at least two blocks of information bits separately to obtain onecodeword per block of information bits; mapping each of the codewords toa corresponding set of modulation symbols; distributing each set ofmodulation symbols over the at least two physical resources, so thateach physical resource carries a mixture of modulation symbolscorresponding to the at least two blocks of information bits;transmitting the modulation symbols carried by each physical resourcesimultaneously to the receiving device; and receiving a compressedpositive acknowledgement (ACK) or negative acknowledgement (NACK)message corresponding to the at least two blocks of information bitsthat were separately coded to obtain one codeword per block ofinformation bits, wherein the distributing comprises pre-coded spatialmultiplexing and said physical resources corresponds to layers, whereinduring the distributing each set of modulation symbols over the at leasttwo physical resources comprises using large delay Cyclic DelayDiversity (CDD), layer cycling, or HARQ to codeword cycling, wherein thelayer cycling comprises shifting the modulation symbols of a codewordcyclically to a different physical resource from one transmission timeto another transmission time, to approximately evenly distribute themodulation symbols of each codeword onto the different physicalresources, wherein the large delay CDD includes transformation of themodulation symbols, and wherein the HARQ to codeword cycling includescycling mapping of the HARQ to a codeword such that a single codewordwill contain approximately equal proportion of information from allblocks of information bits.
 2. The method according to claim 1, whereinin the step of distributing, each set of modulation symbols areapproximately evenly distributed over all of said physical resources. 3.The method according to claim 2, wherein the step of distributingcomprises using multi-carriers and said physical resources correspond tocarriers.
 4. The method according to claim 1, further comprising usingchannel dependent pre-coded spatial multiplexing.
 5. The methodaccording to claim 1, wherein the received compressed ACK or NACKmessage is a bundled ACK or NACK message compiled based on a result oferror checking corresponding to the at least two blocks of informationbits.
 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the wirelesscommunication system is an E-UTRAN system and the transmitting device iswithin a user equipment that uses discrete Fourier transform (DFT)spread Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) for thetransmission.
 7. A method that is performed by a receiving device in awireless communication system for receiving and decoding multiple blocksof information bits, simultaneously transmitted from a transmittingdevice with hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) over a radio channelcomprising at least two physical resources, said method comprising:receiving symbols corresponding to at least two blocks of informationbits on each physical resource; retrieving a set of symbolscorresponding to each of said blocks of information bits from thereceived symbols, where each block of information bits has beendistributed over the at least two physical resources; transforming eachset of symbols to a codeword; decoding each codeword to provide anestimate of each block of information bits; checking for errors in eachestimate of block of information bits; and transmitting a compressedpositive acknowledgement (ACK) or negative acknowledgement (NACK)message, compiled based on the result of the error checking in eachestimate of block of information bits, wherein the information bits arereceived with pre-coded spatial multiplexing and said physical resourcescorresponds to layers, wherein the retrieving comprises retrieving a setof symbols corresponding to each of said blocks of information bits fromthe received symbols, where each block of information bits has beensubstantially evenly distributed over all of said layers by using largedelay Cyclic Delay Diversity (CDD), layer cycling, or HARQ to codewordcycling, wherein the layer cycling comprises shifting the modulationsymbols of a codeword cyclically to a different physical resource fromone transmission time to another transmission time, to approximatelyevenly distribute the modulation symbols of each codeword onto thedifferent physical resources, wherein the large delay CDD includestransformation of the modulation symbols, and wherein the HARQ tocodeword cycling includes cycling mapping of the HARQ to a codeword suchthat a single codeword will contain approximately equal proportion ofinformation from all blocks of information bits.
 8. The method accordingto claim 7, wherein channel dependent pre-coded spatial multiplexing isused.
 9. The method according to claim 7, wherein the wirelesscommunication system uses multi-carrier and said physical resourcescorresponds to carriers.
 10. The method according to claim 7, whereinthe received compressed ACK or NACK message is a bundled ACK or NACKmessage compiled based on a result of error checking in each estimateblock of information bits.
 11. The method according to claim 7, whereinthe receiving device uses a successive interference cancellation, SIC,receiver.
 12. A transmitting device in a wireless communication system,the transmitting device is adapted to transmit multiple blocks ofinformation bits simultaneously to a receiving device with hybridautomatic repeat request (HARQ)over a radio channel comprising at leasttwo physical resources, said transmitting device comprising: circuitryfor coding at least two blocks of information bits separately to obtaina codeword per block of information bits; circuitry for mapping each ofthe codewords to a set of modulation symbols; circuitry for distributingeach set of modulation symbols over all of said physical resources, sothat each physical resource carries a mixture of modulation symbolscorresponding to the at least two blocks of information bits; circuitryfor transmitting the modulation symbols carried by each physicalresource simultaneously to the receiving device; and circuitry forreceiving a compressed positive acknowledgement (ACK) or negativeacknowledgement (NACK) message corresponding to the at least two blocksof information bits that were separately coded to obtain one codewordper block of information bits, wherein the circuitry for distributinguses pre-coded spatial multiplexing and said physical resourcescorresponds to layers, wherein the circuitry for distributing is furtherconfigured to use large delay Cyclic Delay Diversity (CDD), layercycling, or HARQ to codeword cycling, wherein the layer cyclingcomprises shifting the modulation symbols of a codeword cyclically to adifferent physical resource from one transmission time to anothertransmission time, to approximately evenly distribute the modulationsymbols of each codeword onto the different physical resources, whereinthe large delay CDD includes transformation of the modulation symbols,and wherein the HARQ to codeword cycling includes cycling mapping of theHARQ to a codeword such that a single codeword will containapproximately equal proportion of information from all blocks ofinformation bits.
 13. The transmitting device according to claim 12,wherein the circuitry for distributing is further configured toapproximately evenly distribute each set of modulation symbols over allof said physical resources.
 14. The transmitting device according toclaim 13, wherein the circuitry for distributing uses multi-carrier andsaid physical resources corresponds to carriers.
 15. The transmittingdevice according to claim 12, wherein the circuitry for distributinguses channel dependent pre-coded spatial multiplexing.
 16. Thetransmitting device according to claim 12, wherein the compressed ACK orNACK message is a bundled ACK or NACK message.
 17. The transmittingdevice according to claim 12, wherein the transmitting device is withina user equipment.
 18. The transmitting device according to claim 17,wherein the wireless communication system is an E-UTRAN system and thetransmitting device receives discrete Fourier transform (DFT) spreadOrthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) signals.
 19. Thetransmitting device according to claim 12, wherein the transmittingdevice is within-a radio base station.
 20. A user equipment in awireless communication system, comprising a transmitting deviceaccording to claim
 12. 21. A receiving device in a wirelesscommunication system, the receiving device is adapted to receive anddecode multiple blocks of information bits, simultaneously transmittedfrom a transmitting device with hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ)over a radio channel comprising at least two physical resources, saidreceiving device comprising: circuitry for receiving symbolscorresponding to at least two blocks of information bits on eachphysical resource; circuitry for retrieving a set of symbolscorresponding to each of said blocks of information bits from thereceived symbols, where each block of information bits has beendistributed over all of said physical resources; circuitry fortransforming each set of symbols to a codeword; circuitry for decodingeach codeword to provide an estimate of each block of information bits;circuitry for checking for errors in each estimate of block ofinformation bits; and circuitry for transmitting-a compressed positiveacknowledgement (ACK) or negative acknowledgement (NACK) message,compiled based on the result of the error checking in each estimate ofblock of information bits, wherein the wireless communication systemuses pre-coded spatial multiplexing and said physical resourcescorresponds to layers, wherein the circuitry for retrieving is furtherconfigured to retrieve a set of symbols corresponding to each of saidblocks of information bits from the received symbols, where each blockof information bits has been substantially evenly distributed over allof said physical resources by using large delay Cyclic Delay Diversity(CDD), layer cycling, or HARQ to codeword cycling, wherein the layercycling comprises shifting the modulation symbols of a codewordcyclically to a different physical resource from one transmission timeto another transmission time, to approximately evenly distribute themodulation symbols of each codeword onto the different physicalresources, wherein the large delay CDD includes transformation of themodulation symbols, and wherein the HARQ to codeword cycling includescycling mapping of the HARQ to a codeword such that a single codewordwill contain approximately equal proportion of information from allblocks of information bits.
 22. The receiving device according to claim21 wherein channel dependent pre-coded spatial multiplexing is used. 23.The receiving device according to claim 21, wherein the wirelesscommunication system uses multi-carrier and said physical resourcescorrespond to carriers.
 24. The receiving device according to claim 21,wherein the compressed ACK or NACK message is a bundled ACK or NACKmessage.
 25. The receiving device according to claim 21, furthercomprising a successive interference cancellation, SIC, receiver. 26.The receiving device according to claim 21, wherein the receiving deviceis within a user equipment.
 27. The receiving device according to claim21, wherein the receiving device is within a radio base station.
 28. Aradio base station in a wireless communication system, comprising areceiving device according to claim 21.